California is the first state to ban the sale of four food additives linked to potential health issues even though they are permitted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The law will be enforced beginning in 2027. Already banned by the European Union and other countries, the four culprits are red dye No. 3, potassium bromate, brominated vegetable oil and propylparaben, which are used in some brands of orange soda, icing, hamburger rolls, candies and processed foods.

Red dye No. 3, which is derived from petroleum, makes medicines and foods bright red. The FDA already bans it from cosmetics because studies show that high doses cause cancer in lab animals. Potassium bromate, used to improve the texture of baked goods, has also been linked to cancer in lab animals. Brominated vegetable oil in citrus drinks has been tied to behavioral and reproductive issues in lab animals, among other issues. Propylparaben is a cosmetic and food preservative that is believed to be an endocrine disruptor.